|
Wildflower Guide to Buffalo Mountain Park
Click
for printable list
If you would like to contribute images (we are always looking for
better photos) or text to the wildflower guide, please contact
David
Kirschke or
Tim
McDowell. You may email contributions to those addresses.
See the following
Word Document for format of text. Images should preferably
be in JPEG format. Click on links below to see what we have so
far for each species. Only species numbered below will be
included in the guide. Different species with the same number
will have one species illustrated and the others mentioned in the
text. *Photo status (1=need photo; 2=have photo, could use
better photo; 3=have good, would consider better photo) |
|
Common Name |
Scientific Name |
Family Name |
Photo Status* |
Inclusion status |
Questions |
|
MONOCOTS |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Yellow stargrass |
Hypoxis hirsute |
Amaryllidaceae |
3
(DK, TM) |
1 |
|
|
Jack-in-the-pulpit |
Arisaema triphyllum |
Araceae |
3 |
2 |
|
|
Asiatic dayflower |
Commelina communis |
Commelinaceae |
3 (DK) |
3a |
Identified at BMP? |
|
Virginia
dayflower |
Commelina virginica |
Commelinaceae |
1: need photo |
3b |
|
|
Spiderwort |
Tradescantia
virginiana |
Commelinaceae |
3
(DK, TM) |
4 |
|
|
Broadleaf sedge |
Carex platyphylla |
Cyperaceae |
|
|
|
|
Wild yam |
Dioscorea
quaternata |
Dioscoreaceae |
2-3 (TM) |
5 |
|
|
Dwarf crested iris |
Iris cristata |
Iridaceae |
2-3 (DK, TM) |
6 |
|
|
Blue-eyed grass |
Sisyrinchium
angustifolium |
Iridaceae |
1: need photo |
7 |
|
|
Fairy wand, devil's bit |
Chamaelirium luteum |
Liliaceae |
1: need photo |
8 |
Identified recently at BMP? |
|
White Clintonia, speckled wood lily
|
Clintonia
umbellulata |
Liliaceae |
2-3 (TM, BJ, DK) |
9 |
|
|
Yellow mandarin, fairy bells |
Disporum
lanuginosum |
Liliaceae |
3
(DK, TM, BJ) |
10a |
|
|
Nodding mandarin |
Disporum maculatum |
Liliaceae |
3 (DK) |
10b |
|
|
Trout lily, dogtooth violet, adder's tongue |
Erythronium
americanum |
Liliaceae |
2-3 (TM, DK, BJ) |
11 |
|
|
Carolina lily |
Lilium
michauxii |
Liliaceae |
2 (DK) |
12a |
|
|
Turk's cap lily |
Lilium superbum |
Liliaceae |
2 (DK) |
12b |
BMP? |
|
Indian cucumber root |
Medeola virginiana |
Liliaceae |
2-3 (DK, TM) |
13 |
|
|
Smooth Solomon's seal |
Polygonatum
biflorum |
Liliaceae |
2-3 (TM, DK) |
14 |
|
|
Wake robin |
Trillium erectum |
Liliaceae |
3
(DK, TM) |
15 |
|
|
Solomon’s plume, false Solomon’s seal |
Smilacina racemosa |
Liliaceae |
2
(TM, DK) |
16 |
|
|
Sawbrier, cat greenbrier |
Smilax glauca |
Liliaceae |
1: need photo |
17a |
|
|
Common greenbrier,
roundleaf greenbrier3 |
Smilax rotundifolia |
Liliaceae |
1: need photo |
17b |
|
|
Bristly greenbrier |
Smilax tamnoides |
Liliaceae |
1: need photo |
17c |
|
|
Large-flowered bellwort |
Uvularia
grandiflora |
Liliaceae |
2-3 (DK, TM, BJ) |
18a |
|
|
Perfoliate bellwort |
Uvularia perfoliata |
Liliaceae |
1: need photo |
18b |
|
|
Sessile-leaved bellwort, wild oats |
Uvularia
sessilifolia |
Liliaceae |
2-3 (DK, BJ) |
18c |
|
|
Putty root |
Aplectrum hyemale |
Orchidaceae |
2-3 |
19 |
|
|
Spreading pogonia, rosebud orchid |
Cleistes divaricata |
Orchidaceae |
3
(DK) |
20 |
|
|
Pink lady slipper, moccasin flower |
Cypripedium acaule |
Orchidaceae |
3
(DK, TM, BJ) |
21a |
|
|
Large yellow lady slipper |
Cypripedium
calceolus |
Orchidaceae |
1: need photo |
21b |
Identified recently at BMP? |
|
Showy orchis (orchid) |
Galearis
spectabilis |
Orchidaceae |
2-3 (BJ, TM, DK) |
22 |
|
|
Downy rattlesnake plantain |
Goodyera pubescens |
Orchidaceae |
2-3 (BJ) |
23 |
|
|
Small whorled pogonia |
Isotria medeoloides |
Orchidaceae |
1: need photo |
24a |
BMP? |
|
Whorled pogonia |
Isotria
verticillata |
Orchidaceae |
3 (DK) |
24b |
|
|
Lily-leaf twayblade |
Liparis lilifolia |
Orchidaceae |
2
(TM, DK) |
25 |
|
|
Cranefly Orchid |
Tipularia discolor |
Orchidaceae |
2
(DK) |
26 |
|
|
Common broomsedge |
Andropogon
virginicus |
Poaceae: Grasses |
|
|
|
|
Panic grass |
Panicum commutatum |
Poaceae: Grasses |
|
|
|
|
Early bluegrass
|
Poa cuspidata |
Poaceae: Grasses |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
DICOTS |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Striped maple |
Acer
pensylvanicum |
Aceraceae |
|
|
|
|
Poison ivy |
Toxicodendron
radicans |
Anacardiaceae |
2
(TM) |
27 |
|
|
Wild carrot, Queen Anne's lace |
Daucus
carota |
Apiaceae |
2 (DK, AW) |
28 |
|
|
Sweet Cicely |
Osmorhiza claytonii |
Apiaceae |
2
(TM) |
29 |
|
|
Black snakeroot |
Sanicula canadensis |
Apiaceae |
1: need photo |
30 |
BMP? |
|
Golden zizia, golden alexander
|
Zizia aurea |
Apiaceae |
2
(TM, DK) |
31 |
|
|
Wild sarsaparilla |
Aralia
nudicaulis |
Araliaceae |
1 |
32 |
|
|
Wild ginger |
Asarum canadense |
Aristolochiaceae |
1:
need photo |
33 |
|
|
Dutchman’s pipe, pipevine3 |
Aristolochia
macrophylla |
Aristolochiaceae |
2 |
34 |
|
|
Variable-leaf Heartleaf |
Hexastylis
heterophylla |
Aristolochiaceae |
2
(TM, DK) |
35 |
|
|
Common milkweed |
Asclepias syriaca |
Asclepiadaceae |
2-3 |
36 |
|
|
White snakeroot |
Ageratina
altissima |
Asteraceae |
2 |
115 |
Identified recently at BMP? |
|
Common ragweed |
Ambrosia
artemisiifolia |
Asteraceae |
1: need photo |
37 |
|
|
Plantain-leaved pussytoes |
Antennaria
plantaginifolia |
Asteraceae |
1: need photo |
38 |
|
|
White wood aster |
Aster divaricatus |
Asteraceae |
|
|
|
|
Stiff aster, stiff-leaf aster, bristly aster
|
Aster linariifolius |
Asteraceae |
1: need photo |
39 |
|
|
Ox-eye daisy |
Chrysanthemum
leucanthemum |
Asteraceae |
2
(TM, DK) |
40 |
|
|
Field thistle |
Cirsium
discolor |
Asteraceae |
|
|
|
|
Daisy fleabane |
Erigeron annuus |
Asteraceae |
1: need photo |
41 |
|
|
Spotted Joe-Pye weed |
Eupatorium
maculatum |
Asteraceae |
1: need photo |
42 |
Species at BMP? |
|
Upland boneset |
Eupatorium
sessilifolium |
Asteraceae |
|
|
|
|
Golden ragwort |
Packera aurea |
Asteraceae |
2
(TM, DK) |
43 |
|
|
Tall white lettuce,
tall rattlesnake root |
Prenanthes
altissima |
Asteraceae |
1:
need photo |
44a |
|
|
Lion's foot |
Prenanthes
serpentaria |
Asteraceae |
1: need photo |
44b |
|
|
Thin-leaved coneflower, Brown-eyed Susan
|
Rudbeckia triloba |
Asteraceae |
1: need photo |
45 |
|
|
Common goldenrod
|
Solidago canadensis |
Asteraceae |
2-3 (DK) |
46 |
|
|
Coltsfoot |
Tussilago farfara |
Asteraceae |
2-3 (TM, DK) |
47 |
|
|
White crownbeard |
Verbesina virginica |
Asteraceae |
1: need photo |
48 |
|
|
Spotted jewelweed |
Impatiens capensis |
Balsaminaceae |
1: need photo |
49a |
|
|
Pale jewelweed |
Impatiens pallida |
Balsaminaceae |
2
(TM, DK) |
49b |
|
|
Blue cohosh |
Caulophyllum
thalictroides |
Berberidaceae |
3
(DK) |
50 |
|
|
Mayapple |
Podophyllum
peltatum |
Berberidaceae |
2-3 (TM, DK) |
51 |
|
|
Field mustard |
Brassica
napus |
Brassicaceae |
1: need photo |
52 |
Which species at BMP? |
|
Slender toothwort |
Cardamine
angustata, Dentaria heterophylla |
Brassicaceae |
2 (DK) |
53a |
|
|
Cut-leaved toothwort |
Cardamine
concatenata Dentaria lanciniata |
Brassicaceae |
2 (TM) |
53b |
|
|
Broad-leaved
toothwort, crinkleroot |
Cardamine diphylla,
Dentaria diphylla |
Brassicaceae |
1: need photo |
53c |
|
|
Hairy bittercress
|
Cardamine hirsuta |
Brassicaceae |
|
54 |
|
|
Whitlow grass |
Draba verna |
Brassicaceae |
1: need photo |
55 |
|
|
Southern harebell |
Campanula
divaricata |
Campanulaceae |
|
|
BMP? |
|
Cardinal flower |
Lobelia cardinalis |
Campanulaceae |
1: need photo |
56 |
BMP? |
|
Japanese honeysuckle |
Lonicera japonica |
Caprifoliaceae |
2
(AW) |
57 |
|
|
Mouse-eared Chickweed |
Cerastium
fontanum |
Caryophyllaceae |
1: need photo |
58 |
|
|
Common chickweed |
Stellaria media |
Caryophyllaceae |
1: need photo |
59a |
|
|
Star chickweed, giant chickweed |
Stellaria pubera |
Caryophyllaceae |
2-3 (DK, TM) |
59b |
|
|
Mountain stonecrop (wild or woods stonecrop)
|
Sedum ternatum |
Crassulaceae |
1: need photo |
60 |
BMP? |
|
Flowering dogwood |
Cornus florida |
Cornaceae |
|
? |
|
|
Galax, beetleweed |
Galax aphylla |
Diapensiaceae |
2
(TM, AW?) |
61 |
|
|
Common persimmon
|
Diospyros
virginiana |
Ebenaceae |
|
|
|
|
Spotted (or striped) wintergreen |
Chimaphila maculata |
Ericaceae |
2
(DK) |
62a |
|
|
Pipsissewa, prince's pine |
Chimaphila
umbellata |
Ericaceae |
1: need photo |
62b |
|
|
Trailing arbutus, mayflower |
Epigaea repens |
Ericaceae |
2-3 (TM, DK) |
63 |
|
|
Bear huckleberry3,
huckleberry1 |
Gaylussacia ursina |
Ericaceae |
1: need photo |
64 |
|
|
Mountain laurel |
Kalmia latifolia |
Ericaceae |
2
(TM, DK) |
65 |
|
|
Mountain fetterbush3,
Pieris5 |
Pieris floribunda |
Ericaceae |
1: need photo |
66 |
|
|
Great laurel, great rhododendron |
Rhododendron
maximum |
Ericaceae |
2-3 (TM, DK) |
67 |
|
|
Flame azalea |
Rhododendron
calendulaceum |
Ericaceae |
2-3 (TM, DK) |
68 |
|
|
Southern (or Blue
Ridge3) blueberry |
Vaccinium pallidum |
Ericaceae |
2
(TM) |
69a |
|
|
Deerberry
|
Vaccinium stamineum |
Ericaceae |
1: need photo |
69b |
|
|
Flowering spurge |
Euphorbia
corollata |
Euphorbiaceae |
2 (DK) |
116 |
|
|
Eastern redbud |
Cercis
canadensis |
Fabaceae |
|
|
|
|
Partridge pea |
Chamaecrista
fasciculata |
Fabaceae |
1: need photo |
70 |
Identified recently at BMP? |
|
Crown vetch |
Coronilla varia |
Fabaceae |
2
(DK, TM) |
71 |
|
|
Naked-flowered tick
trefoil, beggar lice |
Desmodium
nudiflorum |
Fabaceae |
1: need photo |
72 |
|
|
Black locust
|
Robinia
pseudoacacia |
Fabaceae |
|
|
|
|
Red clover |
Trifolium pratense |
Fabaceae |
2
(DK, TM) |
73a |
|
|
White clover
|
Trifolium repens |
Fabaceae |
1-2 (TM) |
73b |
|
|
Carolina vetch
|
Vicia caroliniana |
Fabaceae |
1: need photo |
74 |
|
|
Squirrel corn |
Dicentra canadensis |
Fumariaceae |
1:
need photo |
75 |
BMP? |
|
Dutchman's breeches |
Dicentra cucullaria |
Fumariaceae |
2-3 (DK) |
76 |
BMP? |
|
Appalachian gentian |
Gentiana
austromontana |
Gentianaceae |
1: need photo |
77 |
Species at BMP? |
|
Wild geranium |
Geranium maculatum |
Geraniaceae |
2
(DK, TM) |
78 |
|
|
Common witch-hazel
|
Hamamelis
virginiana |
Hamamelidaceae |
|
|
|
|
Henbit, dead nettle |
Lamium amplexicaule |
Lamiaceae |
1: need photo |
79a |
|
|
Purple dead nettle
|
Lamium purpureum |
Lamiaceae |
2
(DK) |
79b |
|
|
Selfheal, heal all |
Prunella
vulgaris |
Lamiaceae |
|
? |
|
|
Hoary mountain-mint |
Pycnanthemum
incanum |
Lamiaceae |
|
? |
|
|
Showy Skullcap |
Scutellaria
serrata |
Lamiaceae |
2-3 (TM, DK) |
80 |
|
|
Spicebush
|
Lindera benzoin |
Lauraceae |
|
|
|
|
Sassafras |
Sassafras albidum |
Lauraceae |
|
|
|
|
Tuliptree,
yellow-poplar |
Liriodendron
tulipifera |
Magnoliaceae |
|
|
|
|
Cucumber magnolia,
cucumbertree3 |
Magnolia acuminata |
Magnoliaceae |
|
|
|
|
Indian pipe |
Monotropa
uniflora |
Monotropaceae |
2-3 (DK) |
81 |
|
|
Common evening-primrose |
Oenothera biennis |
Onagraceae |
2
(DK, TM) |
82 |
|
|
Squaw root, cancer root |
Conopholis
americana |
Orobanchaceae |
2
(TM, DK) |
83 |
|
|
Southern yellow wood sorrel, sour grass
|
Oxalis stricta |
Oxalidaceae |
2
(TM, AW) |
84 |
|
|
Bloodroot |
Sanguinaria
canadensis |
Papaveraceae |
3
(TM, DK) |
85 |
|
|
American pokeweed
|
Phytolacca
americana |
Phytolaccaceae |
2
(TM) |
86 |
|
|
Greek valerian |
Polemonium reptans |
Polemoniaceae |
1: need photo |
87 |
BMP? |
|
Pennsylvania smartweed, pink knotweed, pinkweed
|
Polygonum
pensylvanicum |
Polygonaceae |
1: need photo |
88 |
BMP? |
|
Spring beauty |
Claytonia virginica |
Portulacaceae |
2-3 (TM, DK) |
89 |
|
|
Whorled loosestrife
|
Lysimachia
quadrifolia |
Primulaceae |
2-3 (TM) |
90 |
BMP? |
|
White baneberry, doll's eyes |
Actaea pachypoda |
Ranunculaceae |
1: need photo |
91 |
|
|
Thimbleweed |
Anemone
virginiana |
Ranunculaceae |
1: need photo |
92 |
|
|
Black cohosh, black snakeroot, bugbane |
Cimicifuga racemosa |
Ranunculaceae |
1-2
(TM) |
93 |
|
|
Sharp-lobed hepatica |
Hepatica acutiloba |
Ranunculaceae |
2-3 (DK) |
94 |
BMP? |
|
Kidney-leaf
buttercup, small-flowered buttercup or crowfoot |
Ranunculus
abortivus |
Ranunculaceae |
1: need photo |
95a |
|
|
Common tall buttercup
|
Ranunculus acris
|
Ranunculaceae |
2-3 (DK, TM) |
95b |
|
|
Hooked buttercup
|
Ranunculus
recurvatus |
Ranunculaceae |
2 (DK) |
95c |
|
|
Rue anemone |
Thalictrum
thalictroides |
Ranunculaceae |
3
(DK) |
96 |
|
|
Downy juneberry, downy serviceberry3,
common shadbush |
Amelanchier arborea |
Rosaceae |
|
|
|
|
Indian strawberry
|
Duchesnea indica |
Rosaceae |
2
(TM: fruit) |
97 |
|
|
Wild strawberry
|
Fragaria virginiana |
Rosaceae |
1: need photo |
98 |
|
|
Bowman's root, Indian physic |
Porteranthus
trifoliatus
|
Rosaceae |
2
(DK, TM) |
99 |
|
|
Dwarf cinquefoil |
Potentilla
canadensis |
Rosaceae |
2
(TM) |
100 |
|
|
Allegheny blackberry |
Rubus
allegheniensis |
Rosaceae |
2
(TM, DK) |
101 |
|
|
Partridgeberry |
Mitchella repens |
Rubiaceae |
2-3 (TM, DK) |
102 |
|
|
Bedstraw
|
Galium sp. |
Rubiaceae |
2
(TM) |
103 |
|
|
Large Houstonia, large bluet, summer bluet |
Houstonia purpurea |
Rubiaceae |
2
(TM, DK) |
104 |
|
|
Common alumroot |
Heuchera americana |
Saxifragaceae |
1: need photo |
105 |
|
|
Wild hydrangea
|
Hydrangea
arborescens |
Saxifragaceae |
2
(TM) |
106 |
|
|
Foam flower
|
Tiarella cordifolia |
Saxifragaceae |
2-3 (TM, DK) |
107 |
BMP? |
|
Smooth False Foxglove |
Aureolaria
laevigata |
Scrophulariaceae |
2 |
108 |
Where at BMP? |
|
Lousewort, wood betony |
Pedicularis
canadensis |
Scrophulariaceae |
3
(DK, TM) |
109 |
|
|
Common Mullein
|
Verbascum
thapsus |
Scrophulariaceae |
1: need photo |
110 |
BMP? |
|
False stinging
nettle |
Boehmeria
cylindrical |
Urticaceae |
1: need photo |
111a |
|
|
Stinging nettle
|
Urtica dioica |
Urticaceae |
1: need photo |
111b |
|
|
Sweet white violet |
Viola blanda
|
Violaceae |
2-3 (DK) |
112a |
|
|
Canadian white violet |
Viola canadensis |
Violaceae |
1: need photo |
112b |
|
|
Halberd-leaf violet |
Viola hastata |
Violaceae |
2-3 (DK) |
113a |
|
|
Round-leaf yellow violet |
Viola
rotundifolia |
Violaceae |
3 (DK, TM) |
113b |
|
|
Common blue violet |
Viola sororia |
Violaceae |
2
(DK) |
114a |
|
|
Three-lobed violet |
Viola triloba |
Violaceae |
2
(DK, TM) |
114b |
|
|
Virginia creeper
|
Parthenocissus
quinquefolia |
Vitaceae |
|
|
|
|
Summer grape |
Vitis aestivalis |
Vitaceae |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
PTERIDOPHYTA: FERNS |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mountain spleenwort |
Asplenium montanum |
Aspleniaceae |
|
|
|
|
Christmas fern |
Polystichum
acrostichoides |
Dryopteridaceae |
|
|
|
|
Rattlesnake fern |
Botrychium virginianum |
Ophioglossaceae |
|
|
|
|
Cinnamon ferm |
Osmunda cinnamonea |
Osmundaceae |
|
|
|
|
Interrupted Fern |
Osmunda claytoniana |
Osmundaceae |
|
|
|
|
Marginal wood fern |
Dryopteris
marginalis |
Polypodiaceae |
|
|
|
|
Evergreen wood fern |
Dryopteris
spinulosa |
Polypodiaceae |
|
|
|
|
Rock polypody |
Polypodium
virginianum |
Polypodiaceae |
|
|
|
|
Bracken fern |
Pteridium aquilinum |
Polypodiaceae |
|
|
|
|
Southern maidenhair |
Adiantum
capillus-veneris |
Sinopteridaceae |
|
|
|
|
Northern maidenhair |
Adiantum pedatum |
Sinopteridaceae |
|
|
|
|
Fragile fern |
Cystopteris fragilis |
Polypodiaceae |
|
|
|
|
New York fern |
Thelypteris noveboracensis |
Polypodiaceae |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
References |
|
1. Hamilton AR. An inventory of the
vascular species of Buffalo Mountain Park, Washington County,
Tennessee and quantitative description of representative forest
communities. Thesis, East Tennessee State University, 1991. |
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2. Newcomb L. Newcomb’s wildflower
guide. Little, Brown and Co.; Boston: 1977. |
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3. USDA, NRCS. 2004. The PLANTS
Database, Version 3.5
(http://plants.usda.gov).
National Plant Data Center,
Baton Rouge, LA 70874-4490 USA. |
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4. Hemmerly TA. Appalachian
wildflowers. University of Georgia Press; Athens, Ga.: 2000. |
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5. Carman,
Jack B: WILDFLOWERS OF TENNESSEE. Tullahoma, TN,
Highland Rim Press, 2001. |
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6. Peterson,
Roger Tory & Margaret McKenny: A FIELD GUIDE TO WILDFLOWERS
of Northeastern and North-central North America. Boston,
Houghton Mifflin Co., 1968. |
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7. Petrides,
George A: A FIELD GUIDE TO TREES AND SHRUBS.
Boston, Houghton Mifflin Co., 1958. |
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8. Thieret,
John W.: Field Guide to NORTH AMERICAN WILDFLOWERS,
Eastern Region. Revised edition. New York, Alfred A.
Knopf, 2001. [National Audubon Society field guide series] |
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9. Smith RM. Wildflowers of the
Southern Mountains. University of Tennessee Press; Knoxville: 1998. |
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Hallowell,
Anne C. & Barbara G.: FERN FINDER; a guide to native
ferns of northeastern and central North America. Rochester,
NY, Nature Study Guild, 1981. |
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If you would like to submit
corrections, photos, or have identified other species at Buffalo
Mountain Park, please
email
Friends of Nature. Be
sure to include location and date with photos or additional species
and your name if you want credit for photos. |
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