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NIH grant funds hepatitis C immune response study

Monday, June 18, 2007

JOHNSON CITY – T cells, which are a type of white blood cell, are critical to immune responses and provide defense against infections such as viruses that enter the body.

But there are some “culprits” that seem to have managed to outwit the T cells.

Dr. Jon Moorman, chief of infectious diseases at East Tennessee State University’s James H. Quillen College of Medicine and the Quillen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, is studying one such virus through a $213,000 grant he has received from the National Institutes of Health.

“There are approximately four to five million people living with the hepatitis C virus (HCV), and, for unclear reasons, the body’s immune system does not put up much of a fight against it,” Moorman said. “The T cells are virtually inactive; it’s almost like they go to sleep.”

This lack of response, Moorman believes, is due to HCV’s ability to control two molecules found in T cells – PD-1 and SOCS-1 – that regulate immune activity. A protein on the virus will up-regulate, or “turn on,” PD-1 and SOCS-1, which leads to an over-expression of both.

And that’s when the T cells seem to quit working.

“Our goal is to further understand the mechanisms behind this up-regulation,” Moorman said. “We will be looking at how these receptors are involved in T cell receptor signaling by measuring their levels in patients who have HCV and are on treatment for it. In patients with HCV, we tend to see high levels of PD-1 and SOCS-1, and we expect to see those levels return to normal in patients that we can cure.”

Dr. John Yao, an infectious diseases fellow in ETSU’s Department of Internal Medicine, is co-investigator in this project, along with Dr. Deling Yin, a cell biologist and assistant professor of Internal Medicine, who will be a consultant for the grant.

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