Lord Alfred Tennyson

Alfred Tennyson was born on August 6, 1809 in Somersby, Lincolnshire, England. Many of his poems include the lonely environment of this eastern England location. Perhaps the most crucial and life-altering event of the young man's life took place while in attendance at Cambridge University. His best friend Arthur Henry Hallam died suddenly in 1833. Tennyson expressed his grief through the poem In Memoriam, which was published in 1850. He was married that same year. He and his wife lived a quiet life in his country homes at Farringford on the Isle of Wight and Aldworth in Surrey, England. Tennyson greatly avoided public life but nevertheless became one of the most popular and prominent British poets of the Victorian era. In the year 1883, Queen Victoria awarded him the title of Baron Tennyson. After his death on October 6, 1892, he was buried in the Poet's Corner of Westminster Abbey.

Tennyson's narrative poetry includes works such as The Charge of the Light Brigade, God and the Universe, Mariana, and Ulysses. Perhaps his best known of these narrative poems is a lyric entitled The Lady of Shalott. This epic of doomed love, published in 1832, marked the poet's first trip into the realm of King Arthur and his legendary Camelot. The Camelot theme was later revisited with Idylls of the King in 1859. It was a series of 12 poems that included a selection entitled Lancelot and Elaine as well as Morte d'Arthur. The latter, closely following the story and phraseology of Sir Thomas Malory's book of the same name, it tells the story of the final battle between King Arthur's army and that of his trusted nephew and regent, Sir Mordred. Arthur eventually kills Mordred with the enchanted sword Excalibur, but not before being mortally wounded himself. His death marks the end of fabled Camelot.


The Lady of Shalott

PART I

On either side the river lie
Long fields of barley and of rye,
That clothe the wold and meet the sky;
And thro' the field the road runs by
To many-towered Camelot;
And up and down the people go,
Gazing where the lilies blow,
Round and island there below,
The island of Shalott.

Willows whiten, aspens quiver,
Little breezes dusk and shiver
Thro' the wave that runs for ever
By the island in the river
Flowing down to Camelot.
Four grey walls, and four grey towers,
Overlook a space of flowers,
And the silent isle embowers
The Lady of Shalott.

By the margin, willow-veiled,
Slide the heavy barges trailed
By slow horses; and unhailed
The shallop flittith silken-sailed
Skimming down to Camelot:
But sho hath seen her wave her hand?
Or at the casement seen her stand?
Or is she known in all the land?
The Lady of Shalott?

Only reapers, reaping early
In among the bearded barley,
Hear the song that echoes cheerly
From the river winding clearly,
Down to towered Camelot:
And the moon the reaper weary,
Piling sheaves in uplands airy,
Listening, whispers ' 'Tis the fairy
Lady of Shalott'.


PART II

There she weaves by night and day
A magic web of colours gay.
She has heard a whisper say,
To look down to Camelot.
She knows not what the curse may be,
And so she weaveth steadily,
And little other care hath she,
The Lady of Shalott.

That hangs before her all the year,
Shadows of the world appear.
There she sees the highway near
Winding down to Camelot:
There the river eddy whirls,
And there the surly village churls,
And the red cloak of market girls,
Pass onward from Shalott.

Sometimes a troop of damsels glad,
An abbot on an ambling pad,
Sometimes a surly shepherd lad,
Or a long-haired page in crimson clad,
Goes by to towering Camelot;
And sometimes thro' the mirror blue
The knights come riding two and two:
She hath no loyal knight and true,
The Lady of Shalott.

But in her web she still delights
To weave the mirror's magic sights,
For often thro' the silent nights
A funeral, with plumes and lights,
And music, went to Camelot:
Or when the moon was overhead,
Came two young lovers lately wed;
'I am half sick of shadows,' said
The Lady of Shalott.

PART III

A bow-shot from her bower-eaves,
He rode between the barley sheaves,
The sun came dazzling thro' the leaves,
And flamed upon the brazen greaves
Of bold Sir Lancelot.
A red-cross knight for ever kneeled
To a lady in his shield,
That sparkled on the yellow field,
Beside remote Shalott.

All in the blue unclouded weather
Thick-jewelled shone the saddle-leather,
The helmet and the helmet-feather
Burned like one burning flame together,
As he rode down to Camelot.
As often thro' the purple night,
Below the starry slusters bright,
Some bearded meteor, trailing light,
Moves over still Shalott.

His broad clear brow in sunlight glowed;
On burnished hooves his war-horse trode;
From underneath his helmet flowed
His coal-black curls as on he rode,
As he rode down to Camelot.
From the bank and from the river
He flashed into the crystal mirror,
'Tirra lirra,' by the river
Sang Sir Lancelot.

She left the web, she left the loom,
She made three paces thro' the room,
She saw the water-lily bloom,
She saw the helmet and the plume,
She looked down to Camelot.
Out flew the web and floated wide;
The mirror cracked from side to side;
'The curse is come upon me,' cried
The Lady of Shalott.

PART IV

In the stormy east wind straining,
The pale yellow woods were waning,
The broad stream in his banks complaining,
Heavily the low sky raining
Over towered Camelot;
Down she came and found a boat
Beneath a willow left afloat,
And round about the prow she wrote
The Lady of Shalott.

And down the river's dim expanse ---
Like some bold seer in a trance,
Seeing all his own mischance ---
With a glassy contenance
Did she look to Camelot.
And at the closing of the day
She loosed the chain, and down she lay;
The broad stream bore her far away,
The Lady of Shalott.

Lying, robed in snowy white
That loosley flew ot left and right ---
The leaves upon her falling light ---
Thro' the noises of the night
She floated down to Camelot.
And as the boat-head wound along
The willowy hills and fileds among,
They heard her singing her last song,
The Lady of Shalott.

Heard a carol, mournful, holy,
Chanted loudly, chanted lowly,
Till her blood was frozen slowly,
And her eyes were darkened wholly,
Turned to towered Camelot;
For ere she reached upon the tide
The first house by the waterside,
Singing in her song she died,
The Lady of Shalott.

Under tower and balcony,
By the garden wall and gallery,
A gleaming shape she floated by,
Dead-pale between the houses high,
Silent into Camelot.
Out up the wharfs they came,
Knight and burgher, lord and dame,
And round the prow they read her name,
The Lady of Shalott.

Who is this? and what is here?
And in the lighted palace near
Died the sound of royal cheet;
And they crossed themselves for fear,
All the knights at Camelot:
But Lancelot mused a little space;
He said, 'She has a lovely face;
God in his mercy lend her grace,
The Lady of Shalott.'



TENNYSON LINKS

The Tennyson Page

Alfred, Lord Tennyson's Poetry

Alfred, Lord Tennyson: An Overview

Click on the bookcase

To go to the bibliography



E-mail me

Or

E-mail the Project Director, Dr. Jeff Powers-Beck



Digital Muse Project Center


This page was created by April N. Massey. (November 1998)