1. What is the name of the first rover on Mars?
a) Viking 1.
b) Soujourner.
c) Venera 7.
d) Mariner 10.
e) Lowell.

2. Which of the following features are only rarely seen on the surface of the Moon?
a) Craters.
b) Hardened lava flows.
c) Volcanic mountains.
d) Material ejected by a collision.
e) Rilles.

3. The large dark spots one can see on the face of the Moon without a telescope are:
a) very cratered, compared to the rest of the Moon.
b) very mountainous, compared to the rest of the Moon.
c) smooth lava flows.
d) composed of the oldest known rocks in the solar system.
e) about the diameter of the Earth.

4. What is the evidence that the outermost moons of Jupiter were captured, rather than formed with Jupiter?
a) they are too hot to have formed with Jupiter.
b) they have the same composition as Saturn.
c) they have the same composition as Earth.
d) they have retrograde orbits.
e) they are very large for Moons: larger than Pluto.

5. Which of the following has the FEWEST large volcanic mountains?
a) The Moon.
b) Venus.
c) Earth.
d) Mars.
e) They all have the same amount.

6. Which of the following geological features are found on Mars, but NOT on Venus?
a) Extinct volcanoes.
b) Large-scale hardened lava flows.
c) Craters.
d) Dry river beds.
e) Oceans.

7. Observations of Venus in visible light using the Hubble Space Telescope reveal:
a) A very cratered rocky surface.
b) A dark, smooth surface with few mountain ranges.
c) Polar ice caps and evidence of huge dust storms.
d) A completely cloud-shrouded planet.
e) Extremely large volcanic mountains.

8. The light-colored polar caps on Mars are most likely made up of:
a) Sulfur dioxide, and other sulfur compounds.
b) Volcanic outflow of light-colored lava and dust.
c) Water and carbon dioxide ices.
d) Light-colored dust, blown there by intense dust storms.
e) Organic molecules.

9. The Soujourner Rover:
a) Discovered bacteria in rocks on Mars.
b) Explored the surface of Venus for about 3 months.
c) Found smooth pebbles on the surface of Mars.
d) Was the first spacecraft to send back pictures of Mars.
e) Reached Mars in 1976.

10. Which of the following objects is most likely to have a liquid water ocean under its surface?
a) Mars.
b) Io.
c) Europa.
d) Callisto.
e) Phobos.

11. If rocks on Deimos have different ¹⁶O/¹⁸O ratios than those on Mars, this would suggest:
a) Deimos is a captured asteroid.
b) Deimos is a small fragment of Mars that broke off from Mars.
c) Deimos is a disguised alien spacecraft.
d) Deimos formed at the same time as Mars, out of a disk of gas and dust orbiting Mars.
e) Microscopic lifeforms existed on Deimos in the past.

12. Which planets or moons show evidence of water erosion?
a) Earth and the Moon.
b) Earth and Venus.
c) Earth and Mars.
d) Venus, Earth, and Mars.
e) All of the terrestrial planets.

13. Which of the following moons has the youngest surface?
a) Phobos.
b) Callisto.
c) Ganymede.
d) Europa.
e) Io.

14. The surface of Io has many:
a) tall volcanic mountains.
b) craters.
c) cracks in the ice.
d) lava flows.
e) dry river beds.

15. On the Moon, the maria are only seen on the:
a) highlands.
b) far side.
c) dark side.
d) southern hemisphere.
e) near side.

16. The long cliff-like structures seen on Mercury are called:
a) scarfs.
b) scarps.
c) bluffs.
d) biffs.
e) oscars.

17. Which of the following is true about Venus?
a) The Viking spacecraft landed there.
b) The Sojourner rover explored its surface.
c) It is covered with frost made in part of dry ice.
d) It has thick clouds made mainly of sulfuric acid.
e) It has thick clouds made mainly of H₂O.

18. Which planet or moon did the Venera spacecraft visit?
a) Mercury.
b) Venus.
c) The Moon.
d) Mars.
e) Jupiter.

19. On which planet or moon are large extinct volcanoes found, with large-scale lava flows?
a) Mercury.
b) Venus.
c) The Moon.
d) Mars.
e) Mars and Venus.

20. Which of the following planets has the oldest surface?
a) Mercury.
b) Venus.
c) Mars.
d) Earth.
e) They all have the same age.

21. Which planet(s) have polar ice caps?
a) Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars.
b) Venus and Earth.
c) Earth and Mars.
d) Mercury and Earth.
e) Only Earth.

22. On which planet or moon is the Valles Marineris?
a) Mercury.
b) Venus.
c) The Moon.
d) Mars.
e) Phobos.

23. The appearance of Io best resembles:
a) A pizza.
b) A golf ball.
c) A quilt.
d) A cueball.
e) Humpty Dumpty.

24. Which of the following rovers drove the furthest on the surface of Mars so far?
a) Soujourner.
b) Viking 1.
c) Viking 2.
d) Opportunity.
e) Venera.

25. One of the goals of the Messenger mission is to:
a) obtain close-up pictures of the unmapped side of Mercury.
b) bring back soil and rocks from Mars.
c) use radar to test whether Europa has liquid water under the icy surface.
d) investigate the magnetic field of Jupiter.
e) take close-up pictures of Pluto.

26. Jupiter's two main chemical constituents are:
a) H₂ and He.
b) H₂ and C.
c) N₂ and O₂.
d) CH₄ and NH₃.
e) CO₂ and H₂SO₄.

27. Our best views of the surface of Mercury were obtained:
a) By the Magellan spacecraft, using radar mapping.
b) By the Galileo spacecraft.
c) By the Voyager 2 spacecraft.
d) By the Mariner 10 and Messenger spacecraft.
e) By the Hubble Space Telescope.

28. Phobos is:
a) spherical.
b) a dwarf planet, according to the new definition from the IAU.
c) a moon of Venus.
d) a moon of Jupiter.
e) very cratered.

29. The core of Venus is likely made of:
a) liquid metallic hydrogen.
b) water.
c) iron.
d) aluminum.
e) rock.

30. Which of the following spacecraft is/are currently orbiting Mars and sending back data?
a) The Magellan spacecraft.
b) The Galileo spacecraft.
c) The Messenger spacecraft.
d) The 2001 Mars Odyssey, Mars Express, and Mars Reconnaisance Orbiter
e) The Viking spacecraft.

31. The highlands on the Moon:
a) are darker in color than the maria.
b) are more cratered than the maria.
c) are younger than the maria.
d) were caused by plate tectonics.
e) were caused by hot spot volcanism.

32. The Moon rocks brought back to Earth by the Apollo astronauts:
a) are between one million and 500 million years old.
b) are between 2 and 3 billion years old.
c) are between 3.1 and 4.4 billion years old.
d) are about 10 billion years old.
e) are the oldest rocks known in the solar system.

33. The Moon has many more craters than the Earth. This is because:
a) The Moon protected the Earth from impacts: most of the large objects hit the moon rather than the Earth.
b) The Earth's atmosphere stopped all the potentially damaging objects.
c) The Moon was much more volcanic than the Earth in the past, and these volcanoes caused the craters on the Moon.
d) Plate tectonics has returned cratered surface layers to the Earth's interior and weathering has obliterated more recent craters on the Earth.
e) Sheer luck: just by chance the Earth hasn't been hit by as many objects as the Moon.

34. Which planets have liquid metallic hydrogen in their interiors?
a) Only Jupiter.
b) Jupiter and Saturn only.
c) Neptune and Uranus only.
d) All of the Jovian planets.
e) Only the Earth and Venus.

35. The Jovian planets:
a) are gaseous throughout.
b) are mainly liquid, with thick atmospheres and a rock core.
c) do not have solid cores: they are only liquid and gas.
d) are mostly solid, with a thick atmosphere but little liquid.
e) they are 99 percent gaseous, with a small rocky core.

36. The Great Red Spot:
a) Was seen by Galileo.
b) Is a giant storm in the atmosphere of Jupiter.
c) Is twice the diameter of the Earth.
d) Has lasted hundreds of years.
e) All of the above.

37. Which of the following objects has the highest density?
a) The Moon.
b) Callisto.
c) Earth.
d) Ganymede.
e) Pluto.

38. Which of the following objects has an atmosphere which is mainly nitrogen and methane?
a) Io.
b) Callisto.
c) Europa.
d) Ganymede.
e) Titan.

39. Which of the following spacecraft dropped a probe into the atmosphere of Titan?
a) Global Surveyor.
b) Messenger.
c) Voyager 2.
d) Galileo.
e) Cassini.

40. Neptune is blue because:
a) it is covered with a thick layer of ice.
b) it has thick clouds of sulfuric acid, which appear blue.
c) it has a lot of ammonia in its atmosphere, which absorbs red light and scatters blue light.
d) it has a lot of methane in its atmosphere, which absorbs red light and scatters blue light.
e) scientists have no idea why Neptune is blue.

41. The Great Dark Spot is:
a) a giant storm in the atmosphere of Jupiter.
b) a giant storm in the atmosphere of Neptune.
c) a giant impact crater on Callisto.
d) a giant impact crater on Mercury.
e) a giant impact crater on Mimas.

42. The large circular cracks seen on the surface of Venus are called:
a) scarps.
b) corona.
c) rilles.
d) maria.
e) belts.

43. Which of the following moons has the fewest craters?
a) Mimas.
b) Callisto.
c) Europa.
d) Ganymede.
e) Io.

44. On which of the following objects have we landed spacecraft, but NOT explored via a rover?
a) The Moon.
b) Mercury.
c) Venus.
d) Mars.
e) Europa.

45. Which process contributes the most to making Io volcanic?
a) Heat left over from its formation is seeping up from the center.
b) Meteoroids hitting Io crack the surface, causing liquid to flow onto the surface.
c) Tidal forces from Jupiter and Europa heat its interior.
d) Tidal forces from Saturn heat its interior.
e) Scientists have no idea why Io is volcanic.

46. The belts and zones of Jupiter are:
a) the faint dark rings orbiting Jupiter which were discovered by the Voyager spacecraft.
b) the asteroids orbiting the Sun in the orbit of Jupiter.
c) the stripes on Jupiter.
d) the liquid layers inside of Jupiter.
e) the closest distance a moon can get to Jupiter, before being torn apart by tidal forces.

47. The tallest mountain in the solar system is on:
a) Mercury.
b) Venus.
c) Earth.
d) Mars.
e) Io.

48. The appearance of Europa best resembles:
a) A pizza.
b) A cue ball.
c) Callisto.
d) The Moon.
e) Mars.

49. The magnetic field of Jupiter is caused by:
a) The solid inner core of Jupiter, which is a strong magnet.
b) the rotation of Jupiter creating an electric current in the liquid iron outer core of Jupiter.
c) the rotation of Jupiter creating an electric current in the liquid water interior of Jupiter.
d) the rotation of Jupiter creating an electric current in the liquid metallic hydrogen layer in Jupiter.
e) Jupiter does not have a magnetic field.

50. What is the name of the two rovers currently operating on Mars?
a) Viking 1 and Viking 2.
b) Venera 1 and Venera 2.
c) Spirit and Opportunity.
d) Messenger and Mariner.
e) Sojourner and Cassini.

51. Which of the following is NOT a consequence of plate tectonics?
a) The maria on the Moon.
b) The large trench on the western coast of South America.
c) The Mid-Atlantic Ridge.
d) The lack of craters on the Earth's surface.
e) The Himalayan mountains.

52. A Jovian planet is one that resembles:
a) Earth.
b) Jupiter.
c) The Galilean Moons.
d) Pluto.
e) An asteroid.

53. Caloris Basin is:
a) A gigantic ice-filled lake on Triton.
b) A gigantic crack in the surface of Mars.
c) A huge impact basin on Mercury.
d) A very prominent crater on the Moon.
e) A very large depression on Venus.

54. Which of the following spacecraft is in the process of making a radar map of Titan?
a) Messenger.
b) Global Surveyor.
c) Cassini.
d) The Jupiter Icy Moons Orbiter.
e) Pathfinder.

55. Where is Olympus Mons?
a) On Mercury.
b) On Venus.
c) On Mars.
d) On Miranda.
e) On Callisto.

56. Pancake domes are found:
a) On Mercury.
b) On Venus.
c) On Mars.
d) On Ganymede.
e) On Europa.

Answers: 1b, 2c, 3c, 4d, 5a, 6d, 7d, 8c, 9c, 10c, 11a, 12c, 13e, 14d, 15e, 16b, 17d, 18b, 19e, 20a, 21c, 22d, 23a, 24d, 25a, 26a, 27d, 28e, 29c, 30d, 31b, 32c, 33d, 34b, 35b, 36e, 37c, 38e, 39e, 40d, 41b, 42b, 43e, 44c, 45c, 46c, 47d, 48b, 49d, 50c, 51a, 52b, 53c, 54c, 55c, 56b.